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Volcanoes

Remember what I explained the other day, on the Teide was inside a large tub, a product of previous explosions?

This is a picture that I found pretty self explanatory on the subject.

WHAT ARE VOLCANOES?

The word volcano comes from Vulcan, god of Rome no fire and metallurgy.
is a point on the earth's surface that can and found on the continents or at the bottom of the oceans do nde are expelled outside the magma to, gases and fluids inside the earth at high temperatures.

- CRATER : is the exit door volcanic materials. - FIRE : duct is in the rising magma - VOLCANIC CONE : Part of the volcano formed by the ejected material. - CAMERA MAGMATISM : It's where magma accumulates before leaving - FUMAROLAS : Are gas emissions from the lava in the crater. - Solfatara : emissions are water vapor and hydrogen sulfide. - SKUNKS : They are cold fumaroles that emit carbon dioxide - GEYSERS : Small volcanic steam of boiling water When magma inside the earth be accumulated in magma chambers, the pressure increases until it becomes so strong that you need to leave. Then you open pa so the chimney to the surface and that is when the volcanic eruption occurs. As the magma rises to the surface, it becomes lava down the slopes of the volcanic cone forming large sheets or castings. If the lava is not very liquid quickly solidifies and coats are very short that sometimes obstruct the crater has ta produced another explosion which breaks down or builds up above the crater shape nd needles that can reach hundreds of meters high. If the pressure inside of a volcano is not high enough for the magma to surface, this may be asleep or off. Is said to be asleep when he can erupt again and off when not expected to erupt. The volcanic eruptions are not always in the same way. Sometimes they are quiet and peaceful and some violent and big explosions. This depends on the composition of the magma and the amount of gases that attached.

BY CLASS OF VOLCANOES THE ERUPTION

- HAWAIIAN : The lavas that expel these volcanoes are very fluid, without gassing . These lavas overflow when passing the crater and glide with ease. Some particles of lava, when carried by the wind, form crystalline wires. - Strombolian : The lava is flowing to landslides abundant gas and violent. Because gases can be released easily, not form ash. When the lava falls at the edges of the crater down the slopes and ravines, but does not reach such length as Hawaiian.

Vulcan : In this type of volcanoes emit large amounts of gas a little fluid magma. That's why the explosions are very strong and pulverized lava, produced transcends a lot of ash that is released into the air with other fragmentary materials.
When you eject lava, it is rapidly consolidating, but the gases given off by breaking the surface. So it's very rough and very irregular. -

Vesubiano : The gas pressure is very strong and very violent explosion occurs. Pyroclastic cloud that produces precipitation of ashes cooled.

- FIGHT: The lava is very viscous and is consolidating rapidly. Comes to cover the entire crater. The enormous pressure gases are not out, lift this cap to form a large needle cam.

- KRAKATOANO : It causes tremendous explosion and huge tidal waves.

material expelled A VOLCANO

Active volcanoes emit magma. This magma can be designed and scatter or vaporize, depending on whether solid, liquid or gaseous.

SOLID

solid materials thrown out by volcanoes are called pyroclastic eruption. Depending on the size are divided into:

* blocks and pumps generally located near the mouths eruptive hot that when they buy a round or oval in its rotational motion and fall

* lapillis and loam: air projection material between 2 and 20 mm

* volcanic ash or dust, formed by lava dust remains suspended after the eruption (<>

LIQUID

The melted materials, more or less liquid, are formed by the lavas, which are nothing to magmas that emerge through the crater and glide over the surface

GASEOUS

consist primarily of sulfur gases, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, acids

clorhídrico y sulfhídrico, hidrocarburos como el metano, cloruros volátiles y vapor de agua, entre otros

EL PELIGRO DE LOS VOLCANES

The greatest danger from volcanoes occurs when volcanic activity can affect a human population. An active volcano can be dangerous and pose little risk but the absence of a nearby population.

The dangers of a volcano can be:

* mud flow (lahar ). Lahars can be cold or hot. These occur when water from rain or snow or ice from a glacier melts quickly summit the heat of the volcano. The resulting water in its descent down the slope incorporates large amounts of ash, volcanic soils and later large boulders and trees. The mud flow can move at more than 50 km / h grinding, digging and dragging everything in its path.

* pyroclastic clouds. Here we include incandescent avalanches of hot gas emissions. These occur when explosive eruptions, volcanic gases are mixed with water. These clouds can travel over 300 km / h covering very large areas. Some pyroclastic lava flows are cooler but its devastating power does not reduce crushing buildings and uprooting trees and buildings.

* tephra deposits. The tephra are pyroclastic fragments flying off into the atmosphere. If this tephra is very small is called ash. tephra in violent eruptions that can be brought to the upper layers of the atmosphere and are transported by wind and deposited thousands of miles. The ash deposits represent a serious economic problem. Ash accumulates as a "big snow" but that does not melt. It is necessary to remove it thoroughly and that is formed from volcanic glass, which can wear prematurely engines, machinery, gears ... In the case of the eruption of Mount St. Helens , had removed 540,000 tons of ash just the highways.

* lava. The lavas represent little risk since they follow the courses down imposed by the terrain.

Therefore, it is important enough time to predict volcanic eruptions. Are making great strides in this area so that could save many lives.

FACTOID VOLCANOES

* Can we get some benefit from volcanoes?

The materials Yes expelled by volcanoes can get grinding stones, abrasives industry, toilet articles, linings, etc ... You can also take advantage of the hot springs for medicinal purposes and for electricity and heating.

* Why is lava hot?

Because it comes from inside the Earth and the more we get into it, the temperature rises.

* How long can you live volcano?

Hundreds of thousands of years. The Etna is an approximate age of 300,000 years.

* How do we know that a volcano will erupt?

shows several signs that allow to know: there are variations in temperature, ground deformation, increased earthquakes, emit more gas, the animals show signs of nervousness and water sources disappear or change in composition.

* Caused the volcanoes the demise of the dinosaurs?

No one knows for sure. 65 million years ago there were two disasters on Earth at the same time: the impact of a large meteorite in the Gulf of Mexico and a series of violent volcanic eruptions in India. Scientists are studying to what extent this fact influenced each one of these two events.

* Who was the first volcanologist?

In 79 AD, Pliny the Younger watched the eruption of Vesuvius 30 km away and wrote several letters telling their observations.

Underwater volcanoes

Earth fissures are found under the seabed (over 2,000 meters), where eruptions may occur. The vast majority are in areas where tectonic plate movement. The presence of water significantly alters the characteristics of a volcanic eruption, because the ocean floor is very thin and can be pierced by the magma below, especially on the lines of fracture of the margins of tectonic plates. The seawater temperature also causes the magma to solidify much faster than in a rash land. The lava from these volcanoes is different from the land, and that together with water, forming a solid paste. The flow is moving in this pasta is what is known as pillow lava. Also, the underwater pressure amounts to nearly 250 times the normal conditions and causes the volcano takes a peek at the surface, forming an island.